The Impacts of Land Use Spatial Form Changes on Carbon Emissions in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2020: A Case Study of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area

The ecological contribution of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has received considerable attention as a result of the increased focus on global climate change and the continuous growth of carbon emissions in all countries. In this study, we proposed a method and measured the carbon emissions from land use in the Lhasa metropolitan area from 2000 to 2020, based on image interpretation data, by exploiting corrected carbon emission factors in different land types from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. We studied the impact of construction land form on carbon emissions using the spatial lag model (SLM) and the spatial error model (SEM), and the results show that the Lhasa metropolitan area’s carbon emissions showed an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, with the characteristics of “slow acceleration–slight deceleration–acceleration”, with a deceleration period from 2005 to 2015. As a result, the construction land has a relatively low capacity, but it constitutes about 90% of all emissions; moreover, carbon emissions from cultivated land cover about 9%. The rate of spatial expansion of carbon emissions from land use is significantly slower in the Lhasa metropolitan area, yet the spatial expansion of carbon emissions has a clear direction and increases in the north and west of Lhasa. The carbon emissions from land use in the Lhasa metropolitan area is characterized by “one core, many points, and multiple belts” in spatial distribution. The changing of spatial forms of construction land has a significant impact on carbon emissions. Finally, we depicted the impact logic of land use pattern on carbon emissions and provided policy and management recommendations that were both feasible and reasonable

Influence of impurities on waste plastics pyrolysis : products and emissions

The study is aimed to evaluate the impact of impurities like food waste, paper, textile and especially soil on the pyrolysis of waste plastics. For this purpose, emissions, gas and liquid products from pyrolysis of waste plastics and impurities were studied, as well as the transfer of element N, Cl, S from the substrates to the pyrolysis products. It was found that the presence of food waste would reduce the heat value of pyrolysis oil to 27 MJ/kg and increase the moisture in the liquid products, therefore the food residue should be removed from waste plastics; and the soil, enhance the waste plastics' pyrolysis by improving the quality of gas and oil products. The presence of food residue, textile and paper leaded to higher gas emissions.Published versio

The Deformation Behavior and Bending Emissions of ZnO Microwire Affected by Deformation-Induced Defects and Thermal Tunneling Effect

The realization of electrically pumped emitters at micro and nanoscale, especially with flexibility or special shapes is still a goal for prospective fundamental research and application. Herein, zinc oxide (ZnO) microwires were produced to investigate the luminescent properties affected by stress. To exploit the initial stress, room temperature in situ elastic bending stress was applied on the microwires by squeezing between the two approaching electrodes. A novel unrecoverable deformation phenomenon was observed by applying a large enough voltage, resulting in the formation of additional defects at bent regions. The electrical characteristics of the microwire changed with the applied bending deformation due to the introduction of defects by stress. When the injection current exceeded certain values, bright emission was observed at bent regions, ZnO microwires showed illumination at the bent region priority to straight region. The bent emission can be attributed to the effect of thermal tunneling electroluminescence appeared primarily at bent regions. The physical mechanism of the observed thermoluminescence phenomena was analyzed using theoretical simulations. The realization of electrically induced deformation and the related bending emissions in single microwires shows the possibility to fabricate special-shaped light sources and offer a method to develop photoelectronic devices

Peracetic acid integrated catalytic ceramic membrane filtration for enhanced membrane fouling control: Performance evaluation and mechanism analysis

Endowing ceramic membrane (CM) catalytic reactivity can enhance membrane fouling control in the aid of in situ oxidation process. Peracetic acid (PAA) oxidant holds great prospect to integrate with CM for membrane fouling control, owing to the prominent advantages of high oxidation efficacy and easy activation. Herein, this study, for the first time, presented a PAA/CM catalytic filtration system achieving highly-efficient protein fouling alleviation. A FeOCl functionalized CM (FeOCl-CM) was synthesized, possessing high hydrophilicity, low surface roughness, and highly-efficient activation towards PAA oxidation. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model protein foulant, the PAA/FeOCl-CM catalytic filtration notably alleviated fouling occurring in both membrane pores and surface, and halved the flux reduction degree as compared with the conventional CM filtration. The PAA/FeOCl-CM catalytic oxidation allows quick and complete disintegration of BSA particles, via the breakage of the amide I and II bands and the ring opening of the aromatic amino acids (e.g., Tryptophan, Tyrosine). In-depth investigation revealed that the in situ generated center dot OH and 1O2 were the key reactive species towards BSA degradation during catalytic filtration, while the organic radical oxidation and the direct electron transfer pathway from BSA to PAA via FeOCl-CM played minor roles. Overall, our findings highlight a new PAA/ CM catalytic filtration strategy for achieving highly-efficient membrane fouling control and provide an understanding of the integrated PAA catalytic oxidation - membrane filtration behaviors

Peracetic acid integrated catalytic ceramic membrane filtration for enhanced membrane fouling control: Performance evaluation and mechanism analysis

Endowing ceramic membrane (CM) catalytic reactivity can enhance membrane fouling control in the aid of in situ oxidation process. Peracetic acid (PAA) oxidant holds great prospect to integrate with CM for membrane fouling control, owing to the prominent advantages of high oxidation efficacy and easy activation. Herein, this study, for the first time, presented a PAA/CM catalytic filtration system achieving highly-efficient protein fouling alleviation. A FeOCl functionalized CM (FeOCl-CM) was synthesized, possessing high hydrophilicity, low surface roughness, and highly-efficient activation towards PAA oxidation. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model protein foulant, the PAA/FeOCl-CM catalytic filtration notably alleviated fouling occurring in both membrane pores and surface, and halved the flux reduction degree as compared with the conventional CM filtration. The PAA/FeOCl-CM catalytic oxidation allows quick and complete disintegration of BSA particles, via the breakage of the amide I and II bands and the ring opening of the aromatic amino acids (e.g., Tryptophan, Tyrosine). In-depth investigation revealed that the in situ generated center dot OH and 1O2 were the key reactive species towards BSA degradation during catalytic filtration, while the organic radical oxidation and the direct electron transfer pathway from BSA to PAA via FeOCl-CM played minor roles. Overall, our findings highlight a new PAA/ CM catalytic filtration strategy for achieving highly-efficient membrane fouling control and provide an understanding of the integrated PAA catalytic oxidation - membrane filtration behaviors

Development of a novel baculovirus titration method using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay

The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is one of the most powerful methods for production of recombinant proteins for research or commercial purposes. Titration of viable virus in insect cell culture is often required when BEVS is used for basic research or bioprocessing. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay using monoclonal antibodies against the major capsid protein VP39 of both Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) and Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) was developed for baculovirus quantitation at 48 h post-infection. The titer was determined by visualizing infected insect cells as blue spots and automated spot counting was achieved with ELISPOT hardware and software. Log-scale comparison of the results between the ELISPOT assay and a conventional end point dilution assay using a fluorescent marker showed a good correlation for both AcMNPV (R(=)(2)0.9980,p<0.05) and BmNPV (R-2=0.9834,p<0.05). In conclusion, a novel, rapid and semi-automated procedure for titrating baculovirus was developed based on the specific immunostaining of infected cells followed by automated spot counting. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved